![]() MOG neuritis usually affects only one eye. Direct damage to the myelin sheath of neurons can also occur. Anti-MOG Ab attack causes similar inflammation of the optic nerve (optic neuritis) and/or spinal cord (transverse myelitis). MOG is considered to be an adhesion molecule that provides structural integrity for the myelin sheath. While ~65% of patients with Neuromyelitis Optica spectrum disorders (NMOSD) are positive for AQP4 antibodies, approximately 5-10% of NMOSD patients show seropositivity instead for myelin oligodendrocyte glycoprotein (MOG) antibodies. Tests Available for Research Purposes Only Anti-MOG Ab Once inside, they produce a cascade of inflammatory events, producing damage and causing further disruption of the blood-brain barrier. This implies that they form peripherally and then enter the CNS. Lesions produced by AQP4 antibodies tend to appear in the cervical region of the spinal cord, some of which extend into the brainstem region.ĪQP4-IgG Abs are 500 times more concentrated in plasma than in cerebrospinal fluid (CSF). Over time, these damaged and dead neurons can produce severe deficits. In NMO the body erroneously produces Abs that block or destroy the AQP4 proteins present in the spinal cord, eyes, and brain, initiating lesions and ultimately resulting in neuronal death. AQP4 is a water channel protein responsible for the transport of water and small solutes across the membrane. The primary mechanism for cellular damage in NMO is the autoimmune attack of the astrocytic aquaporin 4 (AQP4) protein by AQP4-IgG antibodies (Ab). Unlike MS, disability in NMO accumulates with each successive relapse. Once thought to be a variant of multiple sclerosis (MS), NMO is now recognized as a distinct disorder. Common symptoms include blindness in one or both eyes, weakness or paralysis in the extremities, and impaired function of the bladder and/or bowel. It preferentially targets the spinal cord and optic nerves, but may also attack the brain. Neuromyelitis Optica (NMO) is an autoimmune disease that affects the central nervous system (CNS).
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